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Which measurement would confirm that a transmitter is over-modulating?

  • A.A fall in the audio input level
  • B.An envelope display showing a flattened trough
  • C.A rise in the antenna current alone
  • D.A drop in the carrier frequency

Answer: B

The flattened trough on an envelope display is the direct evidence: the envelope has hit zero and folded, which is exactly what over-modulation means. Antenna current does rise with modulation depth, but a rise alone cannot distinguish deep legal modulation from illegal over-modulation. Carrier frequency is unaffected. And a falling audio input would reduce the depth rather than reveal an excess of it. Confirming the fault on the waveform rather than inferring it from a meter is what makes the envelope display indispensable.

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