Discussion
Increasing estradiol (E2) hormone from ovarian follicles prior to ovulation has been hypothesized to play a critical role for induction of pheromones. These pheromones render females sexually receptive to males to facilitate mating. An investigator performs experiments in sheep in which females are gonadectomized, then treated with E2 or vehicle alone and allowed to breed. Which one of the findings listed below will validate the hypothesis that pheromones are induced by E2?
Answer: B
The hypothesis is validated if sexual receptivity is regained only in E2 treated females.
Removing the gonads removes the animal's own estradiol, so it serves as the control for the hormone. If E2 is needed to induce the pheromones that make females receptive, then replacing E2 should restore receptivity and giving the vehicle alone should not. That is a clear positive result with a negative control.
Receptivity only in vehicle-treated females would contradict the hypothesis. Receptivity regardless of treatment would show that E2 is not required. No receptivity in any group would show that E2 alone is not sufficient, so neither of the last two would support the claim.
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