Discussion
Match the drug/chemicals listed in Column I with the developmental/physiological defects listed in Column II.
| Column I | Column II |
|---|---|
| P. Veratrum alkaloids | (i) Obesity |
| Q. Thalidomide | (ii) Minamata syndrome |
| R. Methylmercury | (iii) Cyclopia |
| S. Diethylstilbesterol | (iv) Phocomelia |
Answer: A
The correct match is P-(iii); Q-(iv); R-(ii); S-(i).
- Veratrum alkaloids such as cyclopamine and jervine, from Veratrum californicum, block Sonic hedgehog signalling; lambs of ewes that grazed the plant were born with cyclopia (iii).
- Thalidomide, taken in early pregnancy around 1957-1961, caused phocomelia, severely shortened limbs (iv).
- Methylmercury released into Minamata Bay, Japan, caused Minamata disease, a neurological syndrome that also affected children exposed before birth (ii).
- Diethylstilbestrol, a synthetic oestrogen, is studied as an obesogen: developmental exposure in mice leads to obesity in later life (i).
Options B, C and D all pair the Veratrum alkaloids with something other than cyclopia; D also gives thalidomide cyclopia, and B and C give methylmercury cyclopia instead of Minamata syndrome.
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