Discussion
An array is steered by a progressive phase \( \beta = -kd\cos\theta_{0} \). What phase step steers to broadside?
Answer: C
Broadside means theta equal to ninety degrees, whose cosine is zero, so:
\[ \beta = -kd\cos 90^{\circ} = 0 \]
and the required phase step is zero, that is all elements in phase. Setting theta to zero instead gives beta equal to minus kd, which is the end fire condition. The single formula covers every steering angle between, which is exactly what a phased array exploits.
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