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What causes grating lobes in an array?

  • A.Unequal cable lengths in the feed network
  • B.Mutual coupling between neighbouring elements
  • C.Element spacing greater than about half a wavelength
  • D.Excessive amplitude taper across the elements

Answer: C

When the spacing is large enough, a second direction exists in which the path differences are whole wavelengths, so the contributions add fully and a lobe as strong as the main one appears. Keeping the spacing at or below half a wavelength prevents them at any scan angle. Taper controls side lobes rather than grating lobes, cable errors raise the side lobe floor, and coupling alters impedance and the element pattern. The distinction between a side lobe and a grating lobe is one of kind rather than degree.

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