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What is the maximum element spacing for a linear array scanning to ninety degrees without grating lobes?

  • A.Half a wavelength
  • B.One wavelength
  • C.A quarter of a wavelength
  • D.Two wavelengths, provided the elements are directive

Answer: A

Full hemispherical scanning requires the spacing to be half a wavelength or less, which is why large scanning arrays need so many elements. Limiting the scan range relaxes the requirement towards one wavelength. A quarter wavelength would be unnecessarily close and would worsen mutual coupling, and no amount of element directivity licenses two wavelength spacing for a wide scan. The element count of a phased array is set almost entirely by this criterion.

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