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What is an active electronically scanned array?

  • A.An array whose elements are actively cooled
  • B.An array that scans by switching elements on and off
  • C.An array with an active amplifier in the common feed only
  • D.An array with a transmit and receive module at every element

Answer: D

In an active array each element has its own amplifier, phase shifter and often its own receiver, so feed losses no longer sit between the amplifier and the radiator. That gives far better noise figure and graceful degradation, since the failure of a few modules costs only a little gain. Cooling is a consequence rather than the definition, switching elements is a crude form of thinning, and a single common amplifier describes a passive array. A limit that survives making every external component ideal is an intrinsic one, and worth knowing for that reason.

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