Discussion
How does free space path loss vary with distance?
Answer: B
Power density falls as the inverse square of range, so path loss rises as the square of distance, twenty decibels per decade or six decibels for each doubling. The fourth power law belongs to a two ray ground reflection model at long range over a plane earth, which is a different situation with a different physical cause. Path loss also rises as the square of frequency at constant gain, which is a consequence of the shrinking effective aperture rather than of anything happening in the space between.
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