Discussion
Free space path loss doubles in distance from 1 km to 2 km. By how much does it increase?
Answer: C
The inverse square law gives a factor of four in power for a doubling of distance:
\[ 10\log_{10} 4 \approx 6 \]
so the loss rises by 6 dB. Three decibels would be a factor of two and twenty decibels a factor of a hundred, corresponding to a tenfold change in range. Being able to convert quickly between ratios and decibels is the single most useful arithmetic skill in link budgeting, and the six per doubling rule is worth committing to memory.
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