Discussion
Why is antenna gain often quoted in dBi rather than dBd?
Answer: A
An isotropic radiator is a mathematical reference that is the same everywhere, whereas a dipole reference depends on the dipole's environment and its own efficiency. The two differ by 2.15 decibels, the gain of a half wave dipole over isotropic, so dBi figures are the larger rather than the smaller. No isotropic antenna can be built at all, which is precisely why it is used as an abstraction, and regulations are written in either but usually in dBi.
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