Discussion
Why is a quarter wave monopole over a ground plane equivalent to a half wave dipole?
Answer: D
A perfectly conducting plane produces an image of the monopole beneath it, so the fields above the plane are those of a full dipole. Because only half the space is illuminated, the radiation resistance is half that of the dipole, about 36 ohms, and the directivity is doubled. The plane carries induced current but does not itself resonate or radiate independently. The image principle is one of the most useful shortcuts in antenna analysis.
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