Discussion
What is the radiation resistance of an ideal quarter wave monopole over a perfect ground?
Answer: A
Radiating into a hemisphere rather than a sphere halves the resistance of the equivalent dipole, giving about 36 ohms. The convenient consequence is a reasonable match to fifty ohm cable without any transformer. Real ground is not perfect, so loss in the earth adds to this and a radial system is laid to reduce it. The half wave dipole figure of 73 ohms is the one being halved, so quoting it here is the natural trap.
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