Discussion
Why are radials laid beneath a vertical monopole?
Answer: B
Return current flows through the earth, which is a poor conductor, so a system of buried or elevated radials carries that current in copper instead and can raise efficiency from a few per cent to most of the way. Broadcast installations use a hundred and twenty quarter wave radials for that reason. Height, bandwidth and polarisation are governed by the element itself. It is a good illustration of loss resistance being just as important as radiation resistance.
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