Discussion
Why does tapering the illumination across an aperture lower the side lobes?
Answer: C
Side lobes arise from the sharp truncation of a uniformly illuminated aperture, so reducing the illumination gradually towards the rim removes that discontinuity and the side lobes fall sharply. The price is a wider main beam and a lower aperture efficiency, both of which move the wrong way. It is exactly the same mathematics as windowing a data record before a Fourier transform, and the same trade between resolution and leakage appears in both.
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