Discussion
Consider the following statements about antenna gain.
1. Gain includes the effect of losses in the antenna structure
2. Gain is always greater than directivity for a real antenna
3. Gain referred to isotropic exceeds gain referred to a dipole by 2.15 dB
Which of the statements given above is or are correct?
Answer: B
The first and third are correct. Gain is directivity reduced by radiation efficiency, and the two decibel references differ by the dipole's own gain over isotropic. The second statement reverses the relation: gain can never exceed directivity, since efficiency cannot exceed one. A published gain larger than the computed directivity is therefore a sign of an error or of a different reference, and it is worth checking whenever a specification looks too good.
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