Discussion
What causes grating lobes in an array?
Answer: D
When the elements are spaced too widely, a second direction exists in which the contributions add in phase, producing a full sized lobe away from the intended beam. Keeping the spacing at or below half a wavelength avoids them for all scan angles, though wider spacing is tolerable if the scan range is limited. Amplitude taper affects side lobes rather than grating lobes, and feed loss and small phase errors degrade performance without producing a second beam.
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