Discussion
What is the effect of random phase errors across a large aperture?
Answer: A
Random errors scatter power out of the main beam, so gain falls and the scattered energy appears as a raised side lobe floor, the relationship being given by the Ruze equation for surface errors on a reflector. A systematic linear phase gradient is what steers a beam; random errors do not. Polarisation and bandwidth are affected by other mechanisms. Surface tolerance is therefore specified as a fraction of a wavelength, which is what makes millimetre wave reflectors so demanding to build.
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