Discussion
What is the shape of a half wave dipole's three dimensional pattern?
Answer: A
The dipole radiates most strongly broadside and not at all along its own axis, giving a toroidal or doughnut shaped pattern with the wire through the hole. In the plane perpendicular to the wire the pattern is a circle, which is why a vertical dipole gives omnidirectional coverage in azimuth. A uniform sphere would be the impossible isotropic case, and no simple dipole produces a narrow beam in any direction.
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