Discussion
Why do vertical antennas behave differently from horizontal ones over ground?
Answer: A
For a perfectly conducting plane, a vertical element's image reinforces it while a horizontal element's image opposes it, so a vertical antenna works close to the ground and gives good low angle radiation while a horizontal one does not. Real ground losses reduce the advantage, which is why a radial system matters so much. Length, conductivity dependence and radiation resistance are secondary and do not explain the fundamental difference in behaviour.
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