Discussion
How is gain most commonly measured in practice?
Answer: C
The substitution or gain transfer method compares the received level from the antenna under test with that from a calibrated standard on the same range, so every other factor in the path cancels. Pattern integration gives directivity rather than gain, dimensional calculation works only for simple horns, and absolute field measurement is difficult and rarely accurate. Making a measurement differential so that common errors divide out is the foundation of accurate metrology.
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