Discussion
How is an antenna's noise temperature usually measured?
Answer: C
The Y factor method compares the receiver output with hot and cold references of known temperature and solves for the unknown, and pointing the antenna at cold sky and at an absorber provides those references. Physical temperature is not the same as noise temperature, pattern integration over sky brightness is a computation rather than a measurement, and a signal generator measures gain rather than noise. Using two known states to solve for an unknown is the same idea as the three antenna gain method.
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