Discussion
Why does flaring a waveguide into a horn improve its performance?
Answer: B
The gradual flare presents a slowly changing impedance from the guide to free space, reducing reflection, and at the same time gives a larger aperture and so more gain. Both effects follow from the same taper. Higher order modes are in fact excited by the flare rather than removed, the run length is a layout matter, and polarisation is unchanged. Gradual transitions as a way of avoiding reflection is an idea that recurs from transmission lines to optics.
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