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What is a lens antenna?

  • A.An aperture covered with a thin dielectric sheet to protect it from the weather
  • B.A phased array whose elements are focused onto a single point in the near field
  • C.A dielectric or metal structure that collimates a feed's radiation
  • D.A reflector shaped so that its surface follows an elliptical rather than parabolic curve

Answer: C

A lens delays the central rays relative to the edge ones, or the reverse, so that a spherical wave from the feed emerges as a plane wave across the aperture. Dielectric lenses do it by refraction and metal plate lenses by the phase velocity in parallel plate guides. It has no blockage problem, since the feed is behind the aperture, but it is heavy and lossy. Reflectors, radomes and focused arrays are all different devices addressing different problems.

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