Discussion
What is the effective aperture of an antenna in terms of received power?
Answer: C
Effective aperture is defined as the received power divided by the power density of the incident wave, so it has units of area and can be measured without knowing anything about the antenna's construction. It equals the physical area multiplied by the aperture efficiency, which includes far more than radiation efficiency alone. The other options describe a physical dimension, a beam definition and an incomplete product. Defining a quantity by how it is measured rather than by how it is built is what makes it useful across every antenna type.
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