Discussion
Why do radiometric instruments favour high beam efficiency over high gain?
Answer: D
A radiometer measures the temperature of what its beam sees, so any energy arriving through the side lobes from warm ground is indistinguishable from signal and biases the result. Accepting a wider beam and lower gain in exchange for very low side lobes is therefore the right trade. Receiver saturation is not the issue at these levels, measurement convenience is irrelevant to the design choice, and large apertures are entirely feasible. Matching the antenna specification to what the instrument actually measures is the general point.
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