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What pattern signature indicates a quadratic phase error across an aperture?

  • A.A main beam displaced from boresight with the pattern otherwise unchanged
  • B.A pair of equal lobes symmetric about the intended beam direction
  • C.A pattern of grating lobes spaced regularly away from the main beam
  • D.A broadened main beam with the nulls filled in

Answer: D

Quadratic phase error widens the beam and, because the cancellation that produces the nulls is no longer exact, fills them to a level that rises with the error. A linear phase error steers the beam instead, an antiphase aperture gives the twin lobed difference pattern, and grating lobes come from periodic sampling. Reading the pattern back to the aperture error that caused it is a standard diagnostic skill and it rests entirely on the transform relationship.

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