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The random surface error of a reflector is related to its gain loss by the _____ equation.

  • A.Friis
  • B.Babinet
  • C.Fraunhofer, after the region in which the pattern is measured
  • D.Ruze

Answer: D

The Ruze equation converts a root mean square surface error, expressed in wavelengths, into a gain loss and a scattered side lobe level. It is what turns a mechanical tolerance into an electrical specification and sets the highest frequency at which a given reflector is worth using. Friis governs a transmission link, Babinet relates slots to dipoles, and Fraunhofer names the far field region rather than any equation about surfaces.

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