Discussion
Why is the bandwidth of a reflectarray limited?
Answer: B
Each element supplies a phase rather than a true delay, so the correction that flattens the wavefront at the design frequency no longer does so away from it, and the aperture develops a phase error. The same limitation afflicts any phase based rather than delay based correction, including zoned lenses and phase steered arrays. Substrate loss, feed illumination and element spacing all matter but none is the fundamental restriction. Distinguishing phase from delay is the key to seeing which techniques are inherently narrowband.
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