Discussion
Why is the subreflector of a Cassegrain often made slightly larger than geometry requires?
Answer: A
A subreflector only a few wavelengths across diffracts appreciably at its rim, so it is oversized to capture the feed pattern properly, and the trade against increased blockage sets the optimum. This is why Cassegrain geometry works poorly on small dishes at low frequencies, where the subreflector would be an unacceptable fraction of the aperture. Mechanical margin, deliberate blockage and interchangeability are not the reason. Diffraction becomes a first order effect whenever a component is only a few wavelengths in size.
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