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Discussion

Apoptotic cells are recognised and engulfed by phagocytes because they

  • A.release large amounts of cytochrome c to the outside
  • B.lose their plasma membrane entirely and rupture
  • C.grow very much larger than the surrounding cells
  • D.display phosphatidylserine on their outer surface

Answer: D

The lipid is normally confined to the inner leaflet, so its appearance outside is an eat-me signal. This is a use of membrane asymmetry as a deliberate signal. The flippases that maintain the asymmetry are switched off as the cell dies.

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