Discussion
Arabidopsis AtNHX1 gene encodes a tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter used to develop transgenic plants to improve :
Answer: B
AtNHX1 is used to improve salinity tolerance.
The AtNHX1 protein exchanges protons for sodium ions across the tonoplast, moving Na+ from the cytoplasm into the vacuole. Sequestering sodium in the vacuole keeps it away from cytoplasmic enzymes and helps the cell maintain osmotic balance. Overexpressing AtNHX1 in Arabidopsis allowed plants to grow in about 200 mM sodium chloride, and the gene has since been used in tomato, canola and other crops for the same purpose.
Drought tolerance, pest resistance and pathogen resistance are engineered with other genes (for example osmolyte or dehydrin genes for drought, Bt toxins for insects, resistance genes for pathogens), so they do not describe the purpose of a sodium-proton antiporter.
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