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Discussion

Community includes both biotic and abiotic factors. This assertion is made by :

  • A.Land Ethics
  • B.Deep Ecology
  • C.Shallow Ecology
  • D.Medical Ethics

Answer: A

The assertion is made by the Land Ethics.

In 'The Land Ethic', the final essay of A Sand County Almanac (1949), Aldo Leopold says that the land ethic simply enlarges the boundaries of the community to include soils, waters, plants and animals, or collectively the land. The community thus includes non-living (abiotic) parts as well as living ones, and a thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability and beauty of that biotic community.

Deep ecology stresses the intrinsic value of all life and self-realisation, shallow ecology protects the environment for human benefit, and medical ethics concerns health care.

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