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The patina on a healthy commutator surface consists of

  • A.bare polished copper with no film at all
  • B.a thick layer of grease applied at intervals
  • C.an insulating varnish applied during manufacture
  • D.a thin film of copper oxide and carbon

Answer: D

Correct answer: a thin film of copper oxide and carbon

The patina is a thin oxide film with carbon from the brushes embedded in it, and it forms in service on a commutator that is running correctly. It lubricates the contact and provides the resistance that assists commutation, so it should be left alone - polishing a commutator back to bare copper does real harm.

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