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Which value of the Richardson number is the critical threshold?

  • A.Ten
  • B.Zero, since any shear at all is sufficient to overcome a stratification that is only weakly stable
  • C.One quarter
  • D.One, at which the shear production of turbulence exactly balances its consumption by the buoyancy forces

Answer: C

Miles and Howard proved that a Richardson number below 0.25 somewhere in the flow is a necessary condition for instability of a stratified shear layer. Above that value the stratification suppresses the growth of any disturbance. The condition is necessary rather than sufficient, so a flow may satisfy it and still remain stable, and that qualification is frequently the point of an examination question. Checking the units of each quantity catches a wrong formula before the arithmetic begins.

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