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Which criterion identifies symmetric instability?

  • A.A negative gradient of potential vorticity in the meridional direction somewhere within the domain concerned
  • B.Absolute momentum surfaces sloping less steeply than the isentropes
  • C.The environmental lapse rate exceeding the dry adiabatic value through a sufficient depth of the layer above
  • D.A Richardson number below one quarter

Answer: B

Where the surfaces of constant absolute momentum are less steep than the surfaces of constant equivalent potential temperature, a slantwise displacement releases energy and instability follows. Equivalently the moist potential vorticity becomes negative. Recognising the criterion on a cross section is how forecasters anticipate banded frontal snowfall. A single measurement chosen to respond to the one asymmetry beats several that respond to shared behaviour.

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