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Which plume behaviour occurs in a strong surface inversion?

  • A.Coning, in which the plume spreads at a steady angle in both the vertical and the horizontal as it travels
  • B.Fanning
  • C.Looping, in which large thermals carry the plume alternately up and down as it travels downwind of the stack
  • D.Fumigation

Answer: B

A stable layer suppresses vertical mixing entirely, so the plume spreads horizontally into a thin fan while remaining at its release height. Ground level concentrations near the source are very low. The hazard comes later, when morning heating erodes the inversion from below and brings the whole plume down in a fumigation event.

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