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Which situation produces the highest ground level concentrations?

  • A.Lofting
  • B.Coning under neutral conditions, in which the plume spreads steadily and reaches the surface a long way downwind
  • C.Fumigation as an inversion is eroded from below
  • D.Fanning, in which the plume remains concentrated in a narrow layer and therefore reaches the ground undiluted

Answer: C

When morning heating erodes a nocturnal inversion up to the level of a plume that has been fanning through the night, the accumulated pollutant is mixed rapidly to the ground over a wide area. Fumigation episodes produce the highest short term concentrations in classical dispersion theory. Lofting is the safest configuration, since the stable layer beneath keeps the plume aloft. Framing the question as which quantity the change acts upon makes the answer follow without calculation.

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