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Which design measure reduces ground level concentrations?

  • A.A wider stack, which reduces the exit velocity of the gases and therefore lowers the effective release height
  • B.A cooler exhaust
  • C.Releasing the gases horizontally rather than vertically so that they spread over a wider area near the source
  • D.A taller stack releasing above the inversion

Answer: D

Releasing above the mixing height allows the plume to disperse in the free atmosphere and to loft rather than fumigate, which was the rationale for the tall stacks built in the mid twentieth century. Momentum and buoyancy of the exhaust add to the effective height, so a narrow hot fast release rises further. The strategy transferred the problem to longer range transport, which is why it was later criticised. Working one numerical case through both cases side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.

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