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Which instrument measures the mixing height continuously?

  • A.An anemometer mounted at the top of a tall mast, from which the depth of the mixed layer may be inferred
  • B.A ceilometer or backscatter lidar
  • C.A radiosonde, which provides the profile twice daily and therefore captures the whole of the diurnal cycle
  • D.A rain gauge

Answer: B

Aerosol is concentrated within the mixed layer and drops sharply above it, so a backscatter profile shows the mixing depth directly and continuously. Ceilometers installed for cloud base measurement double as mixing height sensors. Twice daily radiosondes cannot resolve a cycle that changes on a timescale of an hour.

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