Discussion
Which effect does an urban area have on boundary layer stability?
Answer: D
Heat stored in buildings and pavements during the day is released at night, so urban surfaces remain warmer than the surrounding countryside and the boundary layer stays near neutral or slightly unstable. This is the urban heat island, and it prevents the strong nocturnal inversion that forms over rural areas. The roughness of the city also generates mechanical turbulence, which reinforces the mixing and further inhibits the formation of a stable layer. The quantity that varies and the quantity that does not are worth naming before any substitution is attempted.
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