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Which structure traps pollutants at street level?

  • A.The urban heat island, which draws air inward from the surrounding countryside and concentrates the pollutants
  • B.A subsidence inversion
  • C.The roughness sublayer, within which the flow is strongly disturbed by the individual roughness elements present
  • D.A recirculating vortex within a street canyon

Answer: D

Flow across a street canyon separates at the upwind roof and sets up a recirculating vortex within the canyon, so pollutants emitted at street level accumulate on the leeward side. Concentrations can differ by a factor of several between the two sides of the same street. This is why roadside monitoring station siting requires such care.

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