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Which model type handles complex terrain better?

  • A.A statistical model fitted to the observed concentrations at the monitoring sites within the region concerned
  • B.A Lagrangian particle or computational fluid dynamics model
  • C.A Gaussian model with adjusted dispersion coefficients, which accounts for the terrain through the class chosen
  • D.A box model

Answer: B

Releasing large numbers of computational particles into a modelled wind field and tracking them individually handles arbitrary terrain and time varying flow, at much greater computational cost. Computational fluid dynamics resolves the flow around individual buildings. Adjusting Gaussian coefficients cannot represent flow separation or channelling, which are precisely the effects complex terrain produces. Most errors here come from carrying a result across from a neighbouring case where it does not hold.

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