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Which wet removal process cleanses the atmosphere of aerosol?

  • A.Photolysis
  • B.Sedimentation under gravity, which removes the finest particles most rapidly because they fall through the air
  • C.Rainout within cloud and washout beneath it
  • D.Dry deposition to the surface, which is the dominant removal mechanism for every atmospheric pollutant present

Answer: C

Particles serving as condensation nuclei are incorporated into cloud droplets and removed when the droplets precipitate, which is rainout, while falling drops also collect particles beneath the cloud, which is washout. Together these are far more effective than dry deposition for fine particles. Sedimentation is negligible for particles below about a micrometre, since their fall speeds are measured in millimetres per hour, which is why they persist for a week or more in the absence of precipitation.

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