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Which effect does Saharan dust have on the Atlantic?

  • A.It suppresses tropical cyclone formation entirely, so that no storms are able to develop while dust is present
  • B.It supplies nutrients to the ocean and to the Amazon basin
  • C.It has no effect beyond reducing the visibility over the ocean during the summer months of each year
  • D.It cools the ocean

Answer: B

Iron and phosphorus in Saharan dust fertilise both the ocean and the Amazon rainforest, with the annual deposition on the Amazon estimated at tens of millions of tonnes. The dust also reflects sunlight, cooling the surface, and the associated dry Saharan air layer suppresses but does not prevent tropical cyclone development. Each of these effects is real, which makes the question one of identifying the most significant.

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