Discussion
Which direction does the energy of an internal gravity wave travel?
Answer: D
For internal gravity waves the group velocity is perpendicular to the wavenumber vector, so energy propagates at right angles to the direction in which the crests move. Downward phase propagation therefore corresponds to upward energy propagation, which is how waves generated in the troposphere are identified in stratospheric observations. This counterintuitive property is one of the most distinctive features of the wave type. Most errors here come from carrying a result across from a neighbouring case where it does not hold.
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