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Which quantity vanishes at a critical level?

  • A.The vertical wavelength, which becomes infinite as the wave approaches the level from below it
  • B.The buoyancy frequency
  • C.The amplitude of the wave, which is dissipated completely before the level is actually reached at all
  • D.The intrinsic frequency

Answer: D

The intrinsic frequency is the frequency seen by an observer moving with the mean flow, and it is the Doppler shifted quantity that vanishes when the flow speed equals the phase speed. The vertical wavelength shrinks rather than growing, which is why the wave is absorbed. Amplitude and buoyancy frequency behave quite differently and are not what defines the level. A single measurement chosen to respond to the one asymmetry beats several that respond to shared behaviour.

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