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Which direction does Rossby wave phase always travel relative to the mean flow?

  • A.In whichever direction the mean flow itself is travelling, since the wave is carried along with it
  • B.Westward
  • C.Eastward, which is why the short waves of the upper westerlies move rapidly around the hemisphere
  • D.Poleward

Answer: B

The intrinsic phase speed of a Rossby wave is always westward, with a magnitude proportional to beta and to the square of the wavelength divided by four pi squared. Short waves are carried eastward by the mean flow because their intrinsic speed is small, while long waves may be stationary or retrogressive. Understanding the observed eastward movement as advection overcoming an intrinsic westward propagation is the key point. Framing the question as which quantity the change acts upon makes the answer follow without calculation.

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