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Which criterion governs vertical propagation of planetary waves?

  • A.The Eliassen-Palm criterion, which determines whether a wave will accelerate or decelerate the mean flow
  • B.The Charney-Drazin criterion
  • C.The Charney-Stern criterion, which gives a necessary condition for a zonal flow to be baroclinically unstable
  • D.The Richardson criterion

Answer: B

Charney and Drazin showed that stationary planetary waves propagate vertically only through westerlies weaker than a critical speed that decreases sharply as the wavelength shortens. This explains why only the very longest waves reach the stratosphere and why summer easterlies block them entirely. The other criteria concern instability, turbulence and wave-mean flow interaction respectively. Checking the units of each quantity catches a wrong formula before the arithmetic begins.

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