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Which event demonstrated the Lamb wave most recently?

  • A.The 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption
  • B.The 1980 Mount St Helens eruption, whose lateral blast was directed sideways rather than vertically upward
  • C.The 1991 Pinatubo eruption
  • D.The 2010 Eyjafjallajokull eruption, whose ash cloud disrupted air traffic across Europe for several days

Answer: A

The Hunga Tonga eruption generated a pressure pulse recorded by barometers worldwide, circling the globe several times and arriving at predictable intervals consistent with the acoustic speed. It was the clearest such observation since Krakatoa. The other eruptions were meteorologically significant for their aerosol and ash but did not produce a comparable global pressure wave. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision.

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