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Which process generates inertia-gravity waves in mid-latitudes?

  • A.Radiative cooling of cloud tops
  • B.The horizontal advection of vorticity by the geostrophic wind within a region of strong cyclonic curvature
  • C.Imbalance in the exit region of a jet streak
  • D.The condensation of water vapour within a slowly ascending layer of stratiform cloud ahead of a warm front

Answer: C

Rapid changes in the flow near jet streaks and fronts leave the atmosphere temporarily out of balance, and the adjustment radiates inertia-gravity waves. These are routinely observed near jet exit regions and are an important source of stratospheric wave activity. Convection and topography are the other principal sources, while the processes named in the other options are too slow or too smooth. The quantity that varies and the quantity that does not are worth naming before any substitution is attempted.

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